🏛️ Malta History and Culture

7,000 years of extraordinary history — from prehistoric temples older than Stonehenge to the Knights of St John, Napoleon and beyond

Malta History at a Glance

Few places on earth pack so much history into such a small space

5000 BC
Prehistoric Malta

The first inhabitants arrive from Sicily. Malta megalithic temple builders create some of the world oldest free-standing structures — Ggantija (3600 BC) predates Stonehenge by 1,000 years.

900 BC
Phoenician Era

Phoenician traders arrive, establishing Malta as a key Mediterranean trading post. The Maltese language has its roots in Semitic Phoenician.

218 BC
Roman Malta

Malta becomes part of the Roman Empire. St Paul is shipwrecked on Malta in 60 AD, converting the island to Christianity — making Malta one of the first Christian territories on earth.

870 AD
Arab Rule

Arab forces take Malta, introducing Arabic influences that remain deeply embedded in the Maltese language today.

1530 AD
Knights of St John

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V gives Malta to the Knights Hospitaller. They transform the island into a fortress, build Valletta and resist the Great Siege of 1565.

1798 AD
Napoleon Brief Rule

Napoleon seizes Malta en route to Egypt. His troops desecrate churches, sparking a Maltese rebellion. French rule lasts just two years.

1800 AD
British Malta

Britain takes control of Malta, which becomes a crucial naval base. Malta earns the George Cross in WWII for its extraordinary resistance under siege.

1964 AD
Independence

Malta gains independence from Britain on 21 September 1964. Becomes a Republic in 1974. Joins the EU in 2004 and adopts the Euro in 2008.

Must-Visit Historic Sites

🏛️

Valletta UNESCO Capital

The world smallest EU capital and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built by the Knights of St John in the 16th century, every street contains extraordinary Baroque architecture.

🗓️ All year
🏺

Hal Saflieni Hypogeum

A subterranean prehistoric temple carved into rock 5,000 years ago. One of the world most remarkable ancient sites. Book months ahead — strictly limited entry.

🗓️ All year
🏛️

Ggantija Temples Gozo

The oldest free-standing structures on earth from 3600 BC. Older than Stonehenge and the pyramids. A genuinely humbling experience on the island of Gozo.

🗓️ All year
🏰

Mdina The Silent City

Malta medieval walled capital perched on a hilltop. Walk its narrow Baroque streets, visit the Cathedral and enjoy views stretching across the entire island.

🗓️ All year

St Johns Co-Cathedral

Built by the Knights in 1572 — deliberately plain outside, explosively ornate within. Caravaggio greatest painting hangs here. Book timed entry well in advance.

🗓️ All year
⚔️

Fort St Angelo Birgu

The fortress at the heart of the Grand Harbour dating back to medieval times. It withstood the Great Siege of 1565 and was awarded the George Cross in WWII.

🗓️ All year

🏛️ Book a Malta History Tour

Explore Valletta, Mdina, the prehistoric temples and the Grand Harbour with expert local guides.

Browse History Tours on Viator →

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